Hubble Space Telescope orbiting above the curved Earth
Active mission UV · visible · near-infrared · Low Earth orbit

Hubble Space Telescope

The telescope that changed how we see the universe.

For more than three decades, Hubble has turned a clear view above Earth’s atmosphere into measurements and images that reshaped nearly every field of astronomy.

Orbital photograph: NASA · Official Hubble mission ↗

Launched
April 24, 1990
Orbit
Earth every ~95 minutes
Primary mirror
2.4 meters
Human upgrades
5 servicing missions

A repairable observatory

Built to evolve while already in space.

Hubble was designed so astronauts could replace instruments, repair systems, and expand its capabilities in orbit. Five servicing missions transformed the telescope from a pioneering observatory into a continually renewed scientific platform.

Its position above the atmosphere gives Hubble stable, sharp access to ultraviolet, visible, and near-infrared light, complementing Webb’s colder infrared view.

Hubble image of the Pillars of Creation in the Eagle Nebula
The Pillars of Creation became one of Hubble’s defining views of star formation. Image: NASA, ESA, and the Hubble Heritage Team.

A transformed universe

Precision that became cultural memory.

Hubble pairs rigorous measurement with extraordinary imagery. Its long baseline lets astronomers see change, revisit discoveries, and compare the universe across generations.

01

Cosmic expansion

Refine the expansion rate of the universe, observe distant supernovae, and help reveal that cosmic expansion is accelerating.

02

Deep time

Use deep-field observations to turn apparently empty patches of sky into histories containing thousands of distant galaxies.

03

Living systems

Track stars, nebulae, galaxies, planets, and changing atmospheres with a consistent observatory record spanning decades.

The working observatory

A toolbox renewed in orbit.

Hubble’s current instrument suite combines wide-field imaging with ultraviolet and optical spectroscopy.

WFC3

Wide Field Camera 3

Captures high-resolution ultraviolet, visible, and near-infrared images across a broad range of targets.

COS

Cosmic Origins Spectrograph

Uses ultraviolet spectroscopy to study the large-scale structure and chemical evolution of the universe.

ACS

Advanced Camera for Surveys

Delivers wide-field, high-sensitivity imaging used for galaxies, dark matter, and distant-universe surveys.

STIS

Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph

Combines imaging and spectroscopy to separate light by wavelength and reveal physical conditions in cosmic objects.

Mission arc

Launched once. Reinvented five times.

  1. Hubble reaches orbit

    Space Shuttle Discovery deploys the observatory, opening a long-duration platform above Earth’s atmosphere.

  2. Astronauts restore sharp vision

    The first servicing mission installs corrective optics and a new camera, solving the primary mirror’s optical error.

  3. Four more servicing missions

    Astronaut crews replace instruments, computers, gyroscopes, batteries, insulation, and other critical systems.

  4. An active scientific partnership

    Hubble continues observing while its decades-long archive gains new value alongside Webb and other observatories.

A living record

Decades of discovery, one image archive.

Explore Hubble’s newest public releases and the iconic observations that made the universe feel both larger and more familiar.

Explore Hubble images

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